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866 lines
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The Project Gutenberg EBook of Franklin's Way to Wealth, by Benjamin Franklin
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This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
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almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
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re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
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with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
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Title: Franklin's Way to Wealth
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or, 'Poor Richard Improved'
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Author: Benjamin Franklin
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Release Date: October 1, 2013 [EBook #43855]
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Language: English
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*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FRANKLIN'S WAY TO WEALTH ***
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Produced by Chris Curnow, Emmy and the Online Distributed
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Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
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THE
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_WAY TO WEALTH._
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FRONTISPIECE.
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[Illustration: 'If you would have my advice, I will give it you in
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short; "for a word to the wise is enough."
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Published by W. Darton, Junr. Octr. 1, 1805.]
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_FRANKLIN'S_ WAY TO WEALTH;
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OR,
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"Poor Richard Improved."
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[Illustration: Published by W. Darton, Junr. Octr. 1, 1805.]
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LONDON:
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PRINTED BY AND FOR W. AND T. DARTON,
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No. 58, Holborn-Hill.
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1810.
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TO PARENTS, GOVERNESSES, AND SCHOOL MASTERS.
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_Just Published_,
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A GRAMMATICAL CATECHISM for the use of Schools, upon the plan of
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Lindley Murray.
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"This manual is particularly adapted to the purposes of examination and
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catechetical instruction, and will be found of the utmost service in
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weekly grammatical enquiries."
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_This Day is Published, Price 5s. 12mo. bound_,
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THE PAGAN MYTHOLOGY of ancient Greece and Rome versified, accompanied
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with Philosophical Elucidations of the probable latent meaning of some
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of the Fables of the Ancients, on a theory entirely new. By R. ATKINS.
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Illustrated by twenty-two Cuts on Wood.
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"This little work is intended as an easy Introduction to the Mythology
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of ancient Greece and Rome, and is particularly adapted to the use
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of Schools, being divested of the obscene allegories introduced
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by the ancients in their usual figurative style. It is certainly
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better calculated to convey a general idea of the subject, than any
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attempt of the kind which has yet fallen under our observation. The
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Poetical Illustrations are simple, and well calculated to the purpose
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of becoming a vehicle of instruction to juvenile minds, and the
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elucidations of the fables are plausible and ingenious."
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_Repository, June, 1809._
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Sold by W. and T. Darton,
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58, Holborn Hill.
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INTRODUCTION.
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_Dr. Franklin, wishing to collect into one piece all the sayings
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upon the following subjects, which he had dropped in the course of
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publishing the Almanacks called "Poor Richard," introduces Father
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Abraham for this purpose. Hence it is, that Poor Richard is so often
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quoted, and that, in the present title, he is said to be improved.
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Notwithstanding the stroke of humour in the concluding paragraph of
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this address, Poor Richard (Saunders) and Father Abraham have proved,
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in America, that they are no common preachers. And shall we, brother
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Englishmen, refuse good sense and saving knowledge, because it comes
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from the other side of the water?_
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_The following may be had of the Proprietors,
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W. & T. DARTON_,
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And of most Booksellers in the United Kingdom.
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Virtue and Innocence, a Poem 1 0
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The Economy of Human Life 1 0
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Old Friends in a New Dress, or Selections
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from Esop's Fables, in Verse,
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2 parts, plates 2 0
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Little Jack Horner, in Verse, plain 1s.
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coloured 1 6
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Portraits of Curious Characters in London,
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&c. with Biographical and Interesting
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Anecdotes 1 6
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Watt's Catechism and Prayers, in 1 vol.
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half bound 1 0
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Wonders of the Horse, recorded in Anecdotes,
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Prose and Verse, by Joseph
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Taylor 2 6
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Tales of the Robin & other Small Birds,
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in Verse, by Joseph Taylor 2 6
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Instructive Conversation Cards, consisting
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of 32 Biographical Sketches of
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Eminent British Characters 1 6
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Ditto, containing a Description of the
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most distinguished Places in England 1 6
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*** Just published, The Mice & their
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Pic Nic; a good Moral Tale, price
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with neat coloured plates 1 0
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THE
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WAY TO WEALTH.
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COURTEOUS READER,
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I HAVE heard that nothing gives an author so great pleasure, as to
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find his works respectfully quoted by others. Judge, then, how much I
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must have been gratified by an incident I am going to relate to you. I
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stopped my horse, lately, where a great number of people were collected
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at an auction of merchants' goods. The hour of the sale not being
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come, they were conversing on the badness of the times; and one of the
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company called to a plain, clean, old man, with white locks, 'Pray,
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Father Abraham, what think you of the times? Will not those heavy taxes
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quite ruin the country! How shall we be ever able to pay them? What
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would you advise us to?'----Father Abraham stood up, and replied, 'If
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you would have my advice, I will give it you in short; "for a word to
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the wise is enough," as Poor Richard says.' They joined in desiring him
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to speak his mind, and, gathering round him, he proceeded as follows:
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'Friends,' says he, 'the taxes are indeed very heavy; and, if those
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laid on by the government were the only ones we had to pay, we might
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more easily discharge them; but we have many others, and much more
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grievous to some of us. We are taxed twice as much by our idleness,
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three times as much by our pride, and four times as much by our folly;
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and from these taxes the commissioners cannot ease or deliver us by
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allowing an abatement. However, let us hearken to good advice, and
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something may be done for us; "God helps them that help themselves," as
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Poor Richard says.
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I. 'It would be thought a hard government that should tax its people
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one-tenth part of their time to be employed in its service: but
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idleness taxes many of us much more; sloth, by bringing on diseases,
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absolutely shortens life.
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[Illustration: Published by W. Darton, Junr. Octr. 1, 1805.]
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"Sloth, like rust, consumes faster than labour wears, while the used
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key is always bright," as Poor Richard says.--"But, dost thou love
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life? then do not squander time, for that is the stuff life is made
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of," as Poor Richard says.--How much more than is necessary do we spend
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in sleep! forgetting that, "the sleeping fox catches no poultry, and
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that there will be sleeping enough in the grave," as Poor Richard says.
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[Illustration]
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"If time be of all things the most precious, wasting time must be" as
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Poor Richard says, "the greatest prodigality;" since, as he elsewhere
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tells us, "Lost time is never found again; and what we call time
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enough, always proves little enough." Let us then up and be doing,
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and doing to the purpose: so by diligence shall we do more with less
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perplexity. "Sloth makes all things difficult, but industry all easy;
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and he that riseth late, must trot all day, and shall scarce overtake
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his business at night; while laziness travels so slowly, that poverty
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soon overtakes him. Drive thy business, let not that drive thee; and
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early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and
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wise," as Poor Richard says.
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[Illustration: The Sun shone yesterday, and I would not work, to-day it
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rains and I cannot work.]
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'So what signifies wishing and hoping for better times? We may make
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these times better, if we bestir ourselves. "Industry need not wish,
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and he that lives upon hope will die fasting. There are no gains
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without pains; then help hands, for I have no lands;" or if I have,
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they are smartly taxed. "He that hath a trade, hath an estate; and he
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that hath a calling, hath an office of profit and honour," as Poor
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Richard says; but then the trade must be worked at, and the calling
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well followed, or neither the estate nor the office will enable us to
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pay our taxes.--If we are industrious, we shall never starve; for "at
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the working man's house hunger looks in, but dares not enter." Nor will
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the bailiff or the constable enter, for "industry pays debts, while
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despair increaseth them." What, though you have found no treasure,
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nor has any rich relation left you a legacy. "Diligence is the mother
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of good luck, and God gives all things to industry. Then plow deep,
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while sluggards sleep, and you shall have corn to sell and to keep."
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Work while it is called to-day, for you know not how much you may be
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hindered to-morrow. "One to-day is worth two to-morrows," as Poor
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Richard says, and farther, "Never leave that till to-morrow, which you
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can do to-day."--If you were a servant, would you not be ashamed that
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a good master should catch you idle? Are you then your own master? be
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ashamed to catch yourself idle, when there is so much to be done for
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yourself, your family, your country, and your king. Handle your tools
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without mittens: remember, that "The cat in gloves catches no mice," as
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Poor Richard says. It is true, there is much to be done, and, perhaps,
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you are weak-handed: but stick to it steadily, and you will see great
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effects; for "Constant dropping wears away stones; and by diligence and
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patience the mouse ate in two the cable; and little strokes fell great
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oaks."
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[Illustration]
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'Methinks I hear some of you say, "Must a man afford himself no
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leisure?" I will tell thee, my friend, what Poor Richard says, "Employ
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thy time well, if thou meanest to gain leisure; and, since thou art not
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sure of a minute, throw not away an hour." Leisure is time for doing
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something useful; this leisure the diligent man will obtain, but the
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lazy man never; for "A life of leisure and a life of laziness are two
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things. Many, without labour, would live by their wits only, but they
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break for want of stock;" whereas industry gives comfort, and plenty,
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and respect. "Fly pleasures and they will follow you. The diligent
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spinner has a large shift; and now I have a sheep and a cow, every body
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bids me good-morrow."
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II. 'But with our industry we must likewise be steady, settled, and
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careful, and oversee our own affairs with our own eyes, and not trust
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too much to others: for, as Poor Richard says,
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"I never saw an oft-removed tree,
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Nor yet an oft-removed family,
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That throve so well as those that settled be."
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And again, "Three removes are as bad as a fire," and again, "Keep thy
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shop, and thy shop will keep thee:" and again, "If you would have your
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business done, go; if not, send." And again,
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"He that by the plow would thrive,
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Himself must either hold or drive."
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'And again, "The eye of the master will do more work than both his
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hands:" and again, "Want of care does us more damage than want of
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knowledge;" and again, "Not to oversee workmen, is to leave them your
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purse open."
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[Illustration: Published by W. Darton, Junr. Octr. 1, 1805.]
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[Illustration: Published by W. Darton, Junr. Octr. 1, 1805.]
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'Trusting too much to others' care is the ruin of many; for, "In the
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affairs of this world, men are saved, not by faith, but by the want
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of it:" but a man's own care is profitable; for, "If you would have a
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faithful servant, and one that you like,--serve yourself. A little
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neglect may breed great mischief; for want of a nail the shoe was lost;
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for want of a shoe the horse was lost; and for want of a horse the
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rider was lost;" being overtaken and slain by the enemy; all for want
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of a little care about a horse-shoe nail.
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III. 'So much for industry, my friends, and attention to one's own
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business; but to these we must add frugality, if we would make our
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industry more certainly successful. A man may if he knows not how to
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save as he gets, "keep his nose all his life to the grindstone, and die
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not worth a groat at last. A fat kitchen makes a lean will;" and,
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"Many estates are spent in the getting,
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Since women for tea forsook spinning and knitting,
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And men for punch forsook hewing and splitting."
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"If you would be wealthy, think of saving, as well as of getting. The
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Indies have not made Spain rich, because her out-goes are greater than
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her incomes."
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[Illustration: Published by W. Darton, Junr. Octr. 1, 1805.]
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[Illustration]
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* * * * *
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'Away, then, with your expensive follies, and you will not then have
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so much cause to complain of hard times, heavy taxes, and chargeable
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families; for,
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"Women and wine, game and deceit,
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Make the wealth small, and the want great."
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And farther, "What maintains one vice, would bring up two children."
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You may think perhaps, that a little tea, or a little punch now and
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then, diet a little more costly, clothes a little finer, and a little
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entertainment now and then, can be no great matter; but remember, "Many
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a little makes a mickle." Beware of little expences; "A small leak
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will sink a great ship," as Poor Richard says; and again, "Who dainties
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love shall beggars prove;" and moreover, "Fools make feasts, and wise
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men eat them." Here you are all got together to this sale of fineries
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and nick-nacks. You call them goods; but, if you do not take care, they
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will prove evils to some of you. You expect they will be sold cheap,
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and, perhaps, they may for less than they cost; but, if you have no
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occasion for them, they must be dear to you. Remember what poor Richard
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says, "Buy what thou hast no need of, and ere long thou shalt sell
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thy necessaries." And again, "At a great pennyworth pause a while:"
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he means, that perhaps the cheapness is apparent only, and not real;
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or the bargain, by straitening thee in thy business, may do thee more
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harm than good. For, in another place, he says, "Many have been ruined
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by buying good pennyworths." Again, "It is foolish to lay out money
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in a purchase of repentance;" and yet this folly is practised every
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day at auctions, for want of minding the Almanack. Many a one, for the
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sake of finery on the back, have gone with a hungry belly, and half
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starved their families; "Silks and satins, scarlet and velvets, put out
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the kitchen fire," as Poor Richard says. These are not the necessaries
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of life; they can scarcely be called the conveniences: and yet only
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because they look pretty, how many want to have them?--By these, and
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other extravagancies, the genteel are reduced to poverty, and forced to
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borrow of those whom they formerly despised, but who, through industry
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and frugality, have maintained their standing; in which case it appears
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plainly, that "A ploughman on his legs is higher than a gentleman on
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his knees," as Poor Richard says. Perhaps they have had a small estate
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left them, which they knew not the getting of; they think "it is day,
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and will never be night:" that a little to be spent out of so much is
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not worth minding; but "Always taking out of the meal-tub, and never
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putting in, soon comes to the bottom," as Poor Richard says; and then,
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"When the well is dry, they know the worth of water." But this they
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might have known before, if they had taken his advice. "If you would
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know the value of money, go and try to borrow some; for he that goes
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a borrowing, goes a sorrowing," as Poor Richard says; and, indeed, so
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does he that lends to such people, when he goes to get it in again.
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Poor Dick farther advises, and says,
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"Fond pride of dress is sure a very curse,
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Ere fancy you consult, consult your purse."
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[Illustration: Published by W. Darton, Junr. Octr. 1, 1805.]
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'And again, "Pride is as loud a beggar as Want, and a great deal more
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saucy." When you have bought one fine thing, you must buy ten more,
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that your appearance may be all of a piece; but Poor Dick says, "It is
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easier to suppress the first desire, than to satisfy all that follow
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it." And it is as truly folly for the poor to ape the rich, as for the
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frog to swell, in order to equal the ox.
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"Vessels large may venture more,
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But little boats should keep near shore."
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It is, however, a folly soon punished: for, as Poor Richard says,
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"Pride that dines on vanity, sups on contempt;--Pride breakfasted with
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Plenty, dined with Poverty and supped with Infamy." And, after all,
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of what use is this pride of appearance, for which so much is risked,
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so much is suffered? It cannot promote health, nor ease pain; it
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makes no increase of merit in the person, it creates envy, it hastens
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misfortune.
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'But what madness it must be to run in debt for these superfluities? We
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are offered, by the terms of this sale, six months credit; and that,
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perhaps, has induced some of us to attend it, because we cannot spare
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||
|
the ready money, and hope now to be fine without it. But, ah! think
|
||
|
what you do when you run in debt; you give to another power over your
|
||
|
liberty, If you cannot pay at the time, you will be ashamed to see
|
||
|
your creditor; you will be in fear when you speak to him; you will
|
||
|
make poor pitiful sneaking excuses, and, by degrees, come to lose your
|
||
|
veracity, and sink into base, downright lying; for, "The second vice
|
||
|
is lying, the first is running in debt," as Poor Richard says; and
|
||
|
again, to the same purpose, "Lying rides upon Debt's back:" whereas a
|
||
|
free-born Englishman ought not to be ashamed nor afraid to see or speak
|
||
|
to any man living. But poverty often deprives a man of all spirit and
|
||
|
virtue. "It is hard for an empty bag to stand upright."--What would you
|
||
|
think of that prince, or of that government, who should issue an edict
|
||
|
forbidding you to dress like a gentleman or gentlewoman, on pain of
|
||
|
imprisonment or servitude? Would you not say that you were free, have a
|
||
|
right to dress as you please, and that such an edict would be a breach
|
||
|
of your privileges, and such a government tyrannical? And yet you are
|
||
|
about to put yourself under that tyranny, when you run in debt for such
|
||
|
dress! Your creditor has authority, at his pleasure, to deprive you
|
||
|
of your liberty, by confining you in gaol for life, or by selling you
|
||
|
for a servant, if you should not be able to pay him. When you have got
|
||
|
your bargain, you may, perhaps, think little of payment; but, as Poor
|
||
|
Richard says, "Creditors have better memories than debtors; creditors
|
||
|
are a superstitious sect, great observers of set days and times." The
|
||
|
day comes round before you are aware, and the demand is made before
|
||
|
you are prepared to satisfy it; or, if you bear your debt in mind,
|
||
|
the term, which at first seemed so long, will, as it lessens, appear
|
||
|
extremely short: "Time will seem to have added wings to his heels as
|
||
|
well as his shoulders. Those have a short Lent, who owe money to be
|
||
|
paid at Easter." At present, perhaps, you may think yourselves in
|
||
|
thriving circumstances, and that you can bear a little extravagance
|
||
|
without injury; but
|
||
|
|
||
|
"For age and want save while you may,
|
||
|
No morning sun lasts a whole day."
|
||
|
|
||
|
Gain may be temporary and uncertain; but ever, while you live, expense
|
||
|
is constant and certain; and "It is easier to build two chimneys, than
|
||
|
to keep one in fuel," as Poor Richard says: so, "Rather go to bed
|
||
|
supper-less, than rise in debt,"
|
||
|
|
||
|
Get what you can, and what you get hold,
|
||
|
'Tis the stone that will turn all your lead into gold.
|
||
|
|
||
|
And when you have got the Philosopher's stone, sure you will no longer
|
||
|
complain of bad times, or the difficulty of paying taxes.
|
||
|
|
||
|
IV. 'This doctrine, my friends, is reason and wisdom; but, after all,
|
||
|
do not depend too much upon your own industry, and frugality, and
|
||
|
prudence, though excellent things; for they may all be blasted without
|
||
|
the blessing of Heaven; and therefore, ask that blessing humbly, and be
|
||
|
not uncharitable to those that at present seem to want it, but comfort
|
||
|
and help them. Remember, Job suffered, and was afterwards prosperous.
|
||
|
|
||
|
[Illustration]
|
||
|
|
||
|
'And now to conclude, "Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will
|
||
|
learn in no other," as Poor Richard says, and scarce in that; for it
|
||
|
is true, "We may give advice, but we cannot give conduct." However,
|
||
|
remember this, "They that will not be counselled cannot be helped;"
|
||
|
and farther, that "If you will not hear Reason, she will surely rap
|
||
|
your knuckles," as Poor Richard says.'
|
||
|
|
||
|
* * * * *
|
||
|
|
||
|
Thus the old gentleman ended his harangue. The people heard it, and
|
||
|
approved the doctrine, and immediately practised the contrary, just as
|
||
|
if it had been a common sermon; for the auction opened, and they began
|
||
|
to buy extravagantly.--I found the good man had thoroughly studied my
|
||
|
Almanacks, and digested all I had dropt on those topics during the
|
||
|
course of twenty-five years. The frequent mention he made of me must
|
||
|
have tired any one else; but my vanity was wonderfully delighted with
|
||
|
it, though I was conscious that not a tenth part of the wisdom was my
|
||
|
own, which he ascribed to me; but rather the gleanings that I had made
|
||
|
of the sense of all ages and nations. However, I resolved to be the
|
||
|
better for the echo of it; and, though I had at first determined to buy
|
||
|
stuff for a new coat, I went away, resolved to wear my old one a little
|
||
|
longer. Reader, if thou wilt do the same, thy profit will be as great
|
||
|
as mine.--I am, as ever, thine to serve thee,
|
||
|
|
||
|
RICHARD SAUNDERS.
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
[Illustration: FINIS.]
|
||
|
|
||
|
W. and T. Darton, Printers, Holborn-Hill, London.
|
||
|
|
||
|
* * * * *
|
||
|
|
||
|
Transcriber's Notes:
|
||
|
|
||
|
Only the most obvious and clear punctuation errors repaired. The
|
||
|
opening single quotes end pages later.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Page 9, "grevious" changed to "grievous" (much more grievous)
|
||
|
|
||
|
Page 11, "waisting" changed to "wasting" (wasting time must be)
|
||
|
|
||
|
Page 12, "mak" changed to "make" (We may make)
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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End of Project Gutenberg's Franklin's Way to Wealth, by Benjamin Franklin
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